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GLOSS.ARY
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1994-05-07
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Glossary of Terms
THE AMERICAN STUD BOOK. The registry maintained by The Jockey
Club for all thoroughbreds foaled in the U.S. and Canada and
for all thoroughbreds imported into the U.S. and Canada from
countries that have a registry recognized by The Jockey Club
and the International Stud Book Committee.
AGE OF A HORSE.
FOAL. A young horse of either sex in its first
year of life.
SUCKLING. A foal of any sex in its first year
of life while it is still nursing.
WEANLING. A foal of any sex in its first year of
life after being separated from its dam(mother).
YEARLING. A colt, filly, or gelding in its second
calendar year of life, beginning January 1 of the
year following its birth.
TWO-YEAR OLD. A colt, filly or gelding in its third
calendar year of life, beginning January 1 of the year
following its yearling year.
ARTIFICIAL BREEDING (Not approved by TJC)
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION. The process of depositing
semen into the reproductive tract of a mare in order
to get a mare in foal without the physical mounting
by the stallion.
EMBRYO TRANSFER/TRANSPLANTS. The method whereby a
developing embryo or unfertilized egg is removed from
its natural dam and implanted into the uterus of a
host dam for a portion of the gestation period in
order to produce a live foal.
BREEDING TERMINOLOGY.
BRED. A horse is bred at the location where it is
foaled. Note: It is entirely acceptable to have a
mare impregnated by a stallion in one state, and
have the actual foaling (birth) take place in
another state. This is usually done to take advantage
of lucrative state breeding incentives.
BREEDER. The owner of the dam at the time of foaling,
unless the dam was leased, or a foal-sharing agreement
was in effect at time of foaling.
STALLION. A male horse used to produce foals.
SIRE. A male horse that has produced offspring.
BROODMARE. A filly or mare that has been bred and
is utilized to produce foals.
DAM. A female horse that has produced, or is
producing offspring.
MAIDEN. A filly or mare that has never been bred.
IN-FOAL MARE. A filly or mare that was bred, has
conceived, and is currently pregnant.
ABORTED/SLIPPED. Describes a broodmare that has been
pronounced in-foal and lost her foal prematurely.
BARREN. Any mare, other than a maiden mare, that was
bred and did not conceive during the last breeding
season.
SEX OF THOROUGHBREDS
COLT. An entire male four years old, or younger.
HORSE. In terms of sex, a horse is an entire male
five years old, or older.
RIDGLING/RIG. See MONORCHID & CRYPTORCHID.
CRYPTORCHID. A male horse of any age that has no
testes in his scrotum but was never gelded. The testes
are undescended.
MONORCHID. A male horse of any age that has only one
testicle in his scrotum, the other having either been
removed or is undescended.
GELDING. A male horse of any age that is unsexed, i.e.,
both testicles have been removed.
FILLY. A female four years old, or younger.
MARE. A female five years old, or older.
COLORS RECOGNIZED BY TJC
BAY. Entire coat of horse may vary from a yellow-tan
to a bright auburn. The mane, tail, and lower portion
of legs are always black, unless white markings
are present.
BLACK. Entire coat of horse is black, including
muzzle, flanks, mane, tail, and legs, unless white
markings are present.
CHESTNUT. Entire coat of horse may vary from a
red-yellow to a golden-yellow. The mane, tail and
legs are usually variations of coat color unless
white marking are present.
DARK BAY/BROWN. Entire coat of horse will vary from
a brown, with areas of tan on the shoulders, head and
flanks, to a dark brown, with tan areas seen only on
in the flanks and/or muzzle. The mane, tail and lower
portion of legs are always black unless white markings
are present.
GRAY. Majority of the coat of the horse is a mixture
of black & white hairs. The mane, tail and legs may
be either black or gray unless white markings
are present.
ROAN. Majority of coat is a mixture of red & white
hairs. The mane, tail and legs may be black, chestnut
or roan unless white markings are present.